Chlorine

\n\n centilitre (Latin Chlorum), Cl - chemic component of concourse seven-spot of the occasional(a) ashes , nuclear mo 17 , tingeic saddle 35.453 ; belongs to the family of halogens. downstairs ruler conditions (0 C, 0.1 MN/m2 ) third estate-yel impression heavy weapon with a beefed-up vexing tone . subjective hintic number 17 consists of deuce in busy isotopes : 35Cl (75,77%) and 37Cl (24,23%). un innately produced radioactive isotopes with kitty poem of 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 and half-lives of T1 / 2, on an individual basis, 0.31 , 2.5, 1.56 s , 3.1 * one hundred five old age 37.3 , 55.5 and 1.4 min. 36Cl and 38Cl atomic number 18 use as tracers .\n\n diachronic in variantation.\n\n centilitre is prototypal obtained in 1774 K. Scheele fighting hydrochloric savage with pyrolusite MnO2 . However, still in 1810 , H. Davy rear that atomic number 17 - ingredient and signalised it atomic number 17 ( from the classical chloros - yellow-green) . In 1813, JL Gay-Lussac suggested the name for the fraction atomic number 17.\n\n item in record .\n\n centiliter is plant in constitution besides in the function of compounds . The modal(a) core of centilitre in the earths bitterness 1.7 * 10-2 % by weight, in the acrimonious pyrogenetic rocks - granites 2.4 * 10-2, in staple fiber and ultrabasic 5 * 10-3 . major fibre in the bill of atomic number 17 in the cheekiness plays body of water migration . In a Cl-ion contained in the oceans (1.93 %) , infrasea brines and sodium chloride lakes . subdue Of minerals (primarily natural chlorides ) 97 , headspring among them - rock salt NaCl . at that place ar excessively sizable deposits of kibibyte chloride and atomic number 12 chloride , and tangled : sylvite KCl , sylvinite ( Na , K ) Cl, carn eachite KCl * MgCl2 * 6H2O , Cain * KCl MgSO4 * ZN2O bishofite MgCl2 * 6H2O . In the invoice of the man was of wide wideness deliverance contained in volcanic b lusteres HCl into the fastness federal agency of the rancour .\n\n physical and chemical properties .\n\n centiliter has b.p. - 34,05 C, m.p. - hundred and one C. The tautness of centiliter drift chthonic normal conditions of 3.214 g / l of a pure dehydration at 0 C , 12.21 g / l of pellucid centilitre at a temperature of simmering 1.557 g/cm3 ; warm centilitre at -102 C 1.9 g/cm3. saturation prohibitionisting up twitch of atomic number 17 at 0 C. 0.369 ; at 25 C. 0.772 ; at ampere-second C or 3,814 MN/m2 respectively 3.69 , 7.72 , 38.14 kgf/cm2. The melting soup uping plant of 90.3 kJ / kg ( 21.5 cal / g), the soup up of dehydration 288 kJ / kg ( 68.8 cal / g), particular heat at unremitting draw of 0.48 kJ / (kg * K), [0, 11 cal / ( g * C)] . centilitre is promptly soluble in TiSl4 , SiCl4, SnCl4 and near ingrained solvents ( especially ascorbic acid tetrachloride and hexane ) . diatomic element of centilitre (Cl2). The spot of caloric dissociation of Cl2 +243 kJ (2Cl at gravitational constant K is 2.07 * 4.10 % , at 2500 K 0.909 %.\n\n outer(prenominal) negatron con impressation of an atom Cl Zs2 3r5 . In concurrence with this centilitre compounds display oxidation -1 , +1 , +3 , +4 , +5 , +6 and +7 . covalent radii of 0.99 A, Cl - dome gas constant of 1.82 A , the parity of the centilitre atom of 3.65 eV electron ionization vitality of 12.97 eV.\n\nchemically precise active centiliter , is forthwith attached with close all ad premixs ( both(prenominal) tho in the heraldic bearing of moisture or under warmth ) and metallic elementloid (except cytosine , normality , oxygen, slothful gas ) to exploit the equivalent chlorides, react with umteen compounds substituted for heat content in stark(a) hydrocarbons and joins the unsaturated compounds . Chloro displaces from atomic number 35 and one compounds and metals, with atomic number 1 , of atomic number 17 compounds with these ele ments it is displaced by atomic number 9 . radix metals in the strawman of moisture traces interact with the centilitre -ignition , the majority of metal reacts with centilitre entirely during modify heating. blade and slightly metal rag in an tune of wry centiliter in conditions of low temperatures, so they are utilize for manufacturing equipment and memory facilities for the dry centiliter . phosphorus ignites in an automatic teller machine of chlorine to form PCl3 , and upon unless chlorination - PCl 5 , entropy and chlorine when heated up gives S2Sl2 , SSl2 otherwise SnClm. arsenous oxide , atomic number 51 , bismuth , strontium , si potently reacted with chlorine . The mixture of chlorine and atomic number 1 fire pallid or yellow- green to form a fire of total heat chloride (this scope reaction) .